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Long multiplication practice: column and grid methods

Long multiplication multiplies large numbers by splitting the smaller number into tens and ones, multiplying each part, then adding the results. The column method needs a zero placeholder on the tens row. For example, 346 times 24 is 8304, worked as 1384 plus 6920.

Long multiplication lets you multiply numbers far larger than any times table covers. Two written methods are taught in UK schools: the grid method and the column method. Both give the same answer, so use whichever you can carry out accurately under pressure.

Year 7Year 8

The method, step by step

  1. Split the smaller number. Break it into tens and ones, for example 24 becomes 20 and 4.
  2. Multiply by each part. Multiply the larger number by each part separately.
  3. Line up place values. When using columns, add a zero placeholder on the tens row.
  4. Add the rows. Add your partial answers together to reach the final total.

Worked example

Work out 346 × 24
346 × 4 = 1384. Write this as the first row.
346 × 20 = 6920. Write this underneath, remembering the zero placeholder.
Add the two rows: 1384 + 6920.
346 × 24 = 8304

Common mistakes

Leaving out the zero placeholder on the tens row, which makes the second row ten times too small.

Losing track of carried digits. Write them small above the next column rather than trying to hold them in your head.

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